Considerations for Managing Space Operations

Traditionally, space operations were conducted by the military or a state space agency, e.g., the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the U.S.A. or the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan. Recent advancements in technology and private sector investment along with the rising demand for space research, products, and services are creating significant growth in the commercial space sector.

Commercial companies are now launching operations with payloads that include low-earth orbit satellites, parts or supplies to support space stations, and space tourists. There were 291 space launches globally in 2025, representing a 12.4 per cent increase over the 259 launches in 20241. This growth is expected to continue for the foreseeable future.

This paper provides considerations for both the ANSP that manages daily air traffic operations and the LRO, and is consistent with recent industry efforts, including the International Air Transport Association’s (IATA’s) Space Debris Safety Risk Assessment – Lite2, which highlights the increasing risks from debris generated during STOs. While IATA’s paper serves as a call for global action, this CANSO guidance provides practical considerations and frameworks for ANSPs and LROs to address many of the identified operational needs.