Global Navigation Satellite System Interference: Jamming and Spoofing

Beginning in late 2023, a rapid rise in intentional GNSS interference events began to cause significant disruption to aviation and air traffic operations, impacting airspace efficiency and introducing a safety risk. The aviation community has responded with investigations, analysis, safety and technical bulletins, workshops, and other initiatives by ICAO, States, Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs), IATA, standards bodies, equipment manufacturers and service suppliers.

In October 2024, CANSO presented a webinar: Intentional GNSS Jamming and Spoofing. This document, an outgrowth of that webinar, provides CANSO Members with urgent information on the rapid growth of GNSS interference events. It addresses how interference events may impact aircraft and air traffic operations, provides strategies for anticipating, monitoring and managing interference events to reduce the associated impacts
and hazards, and it discusses considerations for future proofing aircraft and air traffic operations against GNSS interference. The document describes the role of spectrum management for resiliency against radio frequency interference (RFI) and it emphasises the role of safety intelligence systems to effectively monitor, detect, and mitigate GNSS threats.

CANSO’s intent is to raise awareness among ANSPs and to support them in establishing effective strategies to mitigate potential safety hazards and impacts to airspace efficiency arising from GNSS interference. The guidance provided in this document reflects the state of operations and technology implementation at publication. GNSS and other radio frequency interference is an evolving threat: one that requires CANSO, its ANSP members and the broader aviation community to remain vigilant.